Determinate Sentencing Last Chance in Texas Essay

For Determinate Sentencing Determinate sentencing is becoming more popular in juvenile courts. It is a special statute that allows for the possibility of a juvenile serving a sentence beyond the age of 21. It specifically covers certain violent offenses and drug cases, like murder, capital murder, sexual assault, and indecency with a child. Aggravated controlled substances cases are also covered (TYC website). The alternative to determinate sentencing is blended sentencing, which allows judges to issue delinquent offenders both juvenile and adult dispositions. Depending on the behavior of the delinquent while serving out their juvenile sentence, a fail-safe postadjudication stage occurs to determine whether or not their adult sentence†¦show more content†¦In class we also discussed the recidivism statistics for these habitually violent juveniles who have determinate sentences and were released from TYC. For more than 50 percent of the juveniles released from TYC reoffend for at least one felony. Had t hese juveniles been tried as adults and received more severe sentences, their felonies could have been avoided. Although the methods used by the staff in the Hubner book seemed to make a difference while the juveniles were there, once they left, it didn’t appear that it made a difference at all. Many of the juveniles were able to stay out of trouble for about a year, but they recommitted afterwards. The determinate sentencing system provides juvenile judges with tremendous flexibility in ensuring that offenders are held accountable for their crimes, that public safety is protected, and that youth have the opportunity to become rehabilitated and turn their lives around. Determinate sentencing, under some circumstances, also provides juvenile judges with the opportunity to take a â€Å"second look† at the youth when he or she reaches adult age, so that the judge can re-evaluate the youth’s risk to public safety at that point (Deitch, 2011). By allowing determine s entencing for juveniles, it gives the judge and TYC officials options. By issuing determinate sentencing and offeringShow MoreRelatedCompassion Impacts Wayward Youth1619 Words   |  7 Pageshope for the juvenile criminal work in the Texas Youth Commission, in particular at Giddings State School or the last chance in Texas. This paper will provide a brief synopsis of John Hubner’s Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth and discuss its relevance to juvenile justice including a recommendation for juvenile justice practitioners to read this book. The book opens with the description of a very modern school located in Giddings, Texas. 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The Homelessness Australia Is Described As A Developed...

ypothesis: Australia is described as a developed nation. Homelessness a rising problem that is occurring in Australia. St Vincent De Paul is a Catholic organization that lives out the Gospel message and offers a hand to people in need. Vinnie’s have recognised homelessness as an issue that we need to address and we as a community need to work to shape a more just and compassionate society. 1. What is homelessness? There is no specific definition for homelessness, but it is a growing problem that goes much further than just not having a home or living in a safe shelter. It goes beyond that. There are three different categories that homeless people are put in: Primary homelessness is experienced by people who don’t have accommodation (e.g. deserted buildings, cars, under bridges).Secondary homelessness is experienced by people who move from shelter to shelter which includes living with friends or relatives. Tertiary homelessness is experienced by people staying in accommodation without their own bathroom or kitchen. 2. Methodology This report examines the work of St Vincent De Paul and one of the social justice issues it addresses, which is homelessness. In researching this social justice issue and compiling the information a range of sources were used including text, internet and peoples’ personal annotates ( if applicable). These sources included the information the organisation provided and objective sources such as the Australian Government bureau of statistics (Show MoreRelatedDisability As Defined By The Act1967 Words   |  8 Pagesdisabilities. (Mohapatra, 2004);. (Gill, 2009); tom and jerry Shakespeare’s Section helped over regarding the. Methodologies Furthermore models about disability (Shakespeare, 1996). Those medicinal model. Furthermore social model of handicap was described comprehensively Toward a few. Reports (The open University, 2006 a); (The open University, 2006 b). 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UK Education System Case Study Free Essays

string(106) " poverty can have a serious negative impact on children’s achievements as well as upon their behaviour\." Introduction Education in the United Kingdom has been a battleground of educational and socio-political ideologies. This is particularly true over the last thirty years, as different political parties taking power each made it their first priority for change. The following essay uses a range of theoretical approaches to the sociology of education to unpick the relationship between an educational system’s structure and its function. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Education System Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The case of the UK system will be examined.Functionalist and structuralist approaches to the sociology of education are particularly useful in the case study. Theoretical Approaches to Education Many theoretical approaches are derived from Marx, who frequently discussed education in terms of the class struggle. He pointed out that education served the interests of the ruling class, and acts as a way of maintaining the status quo in society. This perspective was later elaborated on by Weber, who looked at the way knowledge can be used to help particular social groups maintain their position in society, and Durkheim, who looked at the ways social institutions work in society, particularly the ways in which they help maintain social order.More recently, while the Marxist legacy is still influential, with the view that educational institutions are sites of class conflict, other views are also discernable. Critical Theory, which started in Germany’s Frankfurt school, suggested that technology and bureaucracy are dominant social forces, and heavily influence education systems. By uncovering this, which was seen as a form of capitalism, it was hoped that individuals could be freed from false belief sets. Other contemporary perspectives are heavily influenced by Weber, looking at struggles for ownership of education in terms of the predominant cultures of the groups involved in the struggle. Another perspective is interactionism, which shifts focus from the macro level to the individual. It looks at the ways in which the social world is formed by the meanings attributed to actions and events by human participants. Theories of this nature can provide insight into how educationalists and those in the system actually experience this (Saha 2008), but are less useful at explaining how function links to the structures which determine education. Other important theoretical perspectives on education are provided by structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism is another Marxist perspective on education, but together with Marx, the linguistics of de Saussure is an influence. Structuralist perspectives were first applied to anthropology by Claude Levi-Strauss who theorised that any given culture was essentially a system of symbols. Following this, structuralist perspectives were applied to many differing fields from literature to sociology and education. Its core perspective, as stated by Bulle (2010) was to ‘explain meaning of human activity through its symbolic function’ (Bulle: 2010: 97). That is, for education, a structuralist approach would look at the way that the institutions surrounding teaching generate the meanings found within that institution, and how objects within the institution take on a symbolic function rooted in a network of wider relationships. Structuralism has also been described as being a ‘synchronic’ study of the rules of ‘society’ (Ball: 2010: 1321). Functionalist perspectives are also rooted in Marxism, but with a Durkheimian perspective. The main thrust behind functionalism in sociology is the idea that all institutions are part of a social system that is present by common consensus and that all aspects of the ‘system’ are integrated with each other. For perspectives on education, this might mean looking at the way decisions are made and influence is carried out, and the playing out of power relations which impact upon teaching and learning practice. Weber (cited Dzebik 2010; Beare and Slaughter (1993)) described educational systems as predictable and rational with â€Å"systematic and rarely changed† routines, and on the large scale, to determine the activities taken by thousands of people at a time. Weber also describes educational systems as a machine. While this seems particularly applicable to the time period in which Weber was writing, a perspective rooted in class struggle and the workings of power co ntinue to be influential. The UK Education System, its Structure, Function and Context Within the UK, the education system needs to take the concept of social class into perspective. According to West and Pennell (2005), the determination of social class can be a challenge in itself because it can be ‘used interchangeably with’ the idea of ‘socioeconomic status’ (Topping and Maloney: 2005: 78) although they are not always synonymous with each other. Nowadays, with a society that is perceived as being more fluid, the concept of social class can be harder to pin down.There is also a link between class and poverty levels, although other factors such as ethnicity, special educational needs and gender are seen to be connected with social class too. There is currently a focus upon the impact of poverty on education, with figures of children on free school meals used as a measurement of poverty, and this in turn suggests extra educational needs.The OECD Economic Survey explains: FSM (free school meals) is used as a marker of†¦.extra needs and enters school funding formula and is the criteria for the new pupil premium (OECD Economic Surveys 2011: 86 ) Thus, there seems to be some recognition that class, to the extent that lower class status can be associated with poverty, plays a role in education, and steps are being taken to address the inequalities poverty brings about. Above was outlined the nature of functionalism and structuralism, both with common roots in Marxism, and both with useful insights into educational sociology today. Both of these schools of thought can contribute to the debate concerning the nature of education within British society, and illustrate the impact that poverty and social inequality can have on education and society in general. Both functionalism and structuralism will be used to explain and explore how poverty affects educational results. According to a recent OECD (2011) report, incomes and educational outcomes are unevenly distributed in the UK, particularly compared to many other OECD countries. It has been suggested repeatedly (OECD 2011; Feinstein et al 2006) that household poverty can have a serious negative impact on children’s achievements as well as upon their behaviour. You read "UK Education System Case Study" in category "Essay examples"Once a certain threshold of income has been passed, lifting the child out of poverty, â€Å"additional increments to income have less substantial effects† (Feinstein et al 2006: 108).Therefore, and as emphasised by Feinstein et al (2006), parental income, which equates to some extent with social class, can have a direct bearing upon the education of the child. This seems to affirm a Marxist analysis of education. In addition, it seems arguable that in areas where resources are directed to the improvement of the educational system, the benefits are felt by both parent and child (Feinstein et al, 2006).This would seem to support a structural analysis of education, as changes to the system as a whole make positive changes to the meaning individuals find within the system. Functionalism and structuralism can explain this inequality in more depth. Durkheim, writing at a time of mass-industrialisation when the factory system was held in high esteem as a business model, likened the then-new phenomenon of mass schooling to a factory, and saw it as a direct result of the industrial system (Dzebik 2010).Durkheim, who widely influenced functionalism also believed that any change in the educational system was a direct and causal consequence of changes in wider society as a whole (Morrow and Torres 1995). This is confirmed by the insight, noted above, that intervention in the education of children living below the poverty line can improve the lives of those children and their families. Many would argue that schools have hardly changed in nature since Durkheim’s time, and hence that his insights are still relevant today. As Ball suggests (2010: 1312), the school â€Å"is †¦ a social site for the presentation of partial knowledge – ideology†. Knowledge is presented as a way of socialising children to fit the needs of society as a whole, and particularly a post-capitalist, global society (Ball 2010). In other words, within the UK, education is designed not to develop well-rounded individuals, but to create material to ensure the continuing functioning of the corporate world.As Wexler (2010) suggests, there is little interest in transformation through learning but rather upon reproducing the most efficient units for the working world. In both cases, the individual needs of the child are subsumed into the needs of society and its institutions.This lack of interest in transformation, it has been argued, helps solidify the existing status quo, an d re-confirm the boundaries which separate the social classes (Ball 2010). In addition, it has been shown that parental attitudes towards education directly affect children’s aspirations and own attitude to school. Parents who affirm the benefits of education can improve the levels of their children’s educational achievements as well as reducing the rates at which they drop out of education (Feinstein et al 2010). Parental attitudes towards education can also be adverse, which is often a function of their previous experience and disaffection with the educational and societal system.Family history can be seen as a background from which disaffection can arise.However, parental attitudes are a function of wider social issues, thus suggesting a structuralist perspective is useful. Poverty and hence inequality can dictate how education is viewed in a family. Family attitudes towards education can also be intergenerational, in that they can be passed from one generation to t he next (Parsons 2010). However, it could be said that this issue of intergenerational educational disaffection, as an example of how social stratification can directly and indirectly affect the educational aspirations of the individual, can support both a structuralist and a functionalist view of education. Other factors, in addition to poverty (although often found alongside them) can influence attitudes towards education. For example, being a child of a single-parent family, or with unemployed parents, can influence levels of achievement (Parsons 2010). The complexity of the relationship between poverty, family background, employment, crime and educational achievement suggest that the structural approach to education, which stresses the inter-connectedness of purportedly separate variables, is appropriate. The relatively recent concept of social exclusion attempts to address the nature of this relationship but there is also a recognition that â€Å"school exclusions are part of wider social exclusions related to inequality and poverty† (Parsons 2010: 37). Under a functionalist perspective, education exists to produce adults who can fit seamlessly into a post-capitalist society and contribute to global capitalism. However, a fairly recent phenomenon raises questions about whether the system is in fact producing these adults. The concept of ‘NEET’s (young adults not in employment, education or training) has arisen since the late 1990’s to describe a distinct social group who â€Å"are not just economically inactive but also seemingly completely inactive, occupying an unconstructive (and potentially threatening) position on the social topography† (Attewell and Newman 2010: 185). However, on closer examination the existence of this category supports, rather than works against, a functionalist analysis. For the group to be defined and vilified, there first needs to be an idea of what it means not to be a ‘NEET’, that is, to be a functioning and useful member of society. As this non-NEET group is by f ar the larger, this suggests that society as a whole has created a situation in which non-NEETs are the desired product of the educational system, and NEETs a problem to be addressed (Attewell and Newman 2010). The NEET category is a by-product of defining young adults in terms of the role they can play in a money-generating world. It is certainly the case that NEETs have been vilified, with a â€Å"common assumption in the UK, particular in policy arenas, that while NEETs come from diverse backgrounds, they share â€Å"low levels of aspiration and little motivation†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Popham 2003: 8).The phenomenon therefore seems to support a functionalist analysis of education. More generally, the issue of pupil dissatisfaction and drop-out rates also supports a structuralist and functionalist perspective. Attitudes towards education, it has been mentioned, originate in the family, and are in turn linked to wider social and structural issues of socioeconomic background, parental education level, area in which the family lives, and ethnicity (Attewell and Newman 2010). Cultural identities nowadays are increasingly complex, and wealth and opportunity distributed increasingly unequally. Robinson (2010) also links an awareness of inequality between social sectors to dissatisfaction and lack of commitment amongst school pupils.Pupil attitudes are thus causally linked to wider social structures, and to being part of a machine designed to create the best ‘end product’ for a capitalist system. Conclusion The above analysis has looked at the case of the education system in the UK, in the context of theoretical perspectives on educational sociology. Functionalism and structuralism, both rooted in Marxist views of society, have been shown to be useful in explaining some of the most pertinent facets of education today. Bibliography Attewell, P, and Newman, KS, (2010), ‘Growing Gaps: Educational Equality Throughout the World’, Oxford University Press, Oxford Bulle, N (2008), ‘Sociology of Education’, Peter Lang AG, Germany Feinstein,L, Duckworth, K, and Sabates, R (2008), ‘Education and the Family: Success Across the Generations, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon Lynch, K (2008), ‘Research and Theory on Equality and Education’, IN: Hallinan, MT, (2008), ‘Handbook of Sociology and Education, Springer Science, University of Notre Dame, IN Morrow, RA and Torres, CA, (1995), ‘Social Theory and Education: A Critique of theories of social and cultural reproduction’, State University of New York Press, Albany NY OECD (2011), ‘OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2011, OECD Publishing http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-gbr-2011-en Accessed on 30th November 2011 Parsons, C, (2002), ‘Education, Exclusion and Citizenship, Routledge, London Robinson, K, (2011), ‘Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, Capstone Publishing (A Wiley Company), Chichester, UK Saha, L J (2008) ‘Sociology of Education’, in T L Good (ed.) ‘21st Century Education: a reference handbook, SAGE, USA Wexler, P (2000), ‘Sociology of School Knowledge’, IN: Ball, SJ (ed.), (2000), ‘Sociology of Education’, RoutledgeFalmer, London Zsebik, P, ‘Educational Leadership for the 21st Century: Building a Capacity for change’, iUniverse, Bloomington IN, USA How to cite UK Education System Case Study, Free Case study samples

Business Strategy in Practice Entrepreneurial Skills and Behavior

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Strategy in Practicefor Entrepreneurial Skills and Behavior. Answer: Entrepreneurial Skills and Behavior Since February 2013 Mr. Alois Hofbauer is the Managing Director and Regional Head of Malaysia/Singapore/Brunei at Nestl (Malaysia). He served as a Managing Director of Nestl Lanka PLC for 2 years (Profile of Managing Director, 2016). Mr. Hofbauer believes in building an effective team on the basis of trust. As an entrepreneur he follows a transformational form of leadership which put a long lasting impact on the growth of the employees. He focuses on promoting professionalism in his team by motivating every team member which is an inherent quality of a business leader. He instills high level of commitment and professionalism in his team to earn mutual cooperation (Ang, 2015). Mr. Hofbauer exhibits full determination while setting on the companys objective in order to attain consistent growth. He believes in setting clear goals which has helped Nestle to grow its business by escalating sales and appointing new employees who adds value to the company. This is one of the most important qualities of an entrepreneur to give his team clear objectives in advance. An entrepreneur requires high level of confidence. He has very well imbibed cultural value in Nestle Malaysia which has helped it to grow even under adverse situations. Mr. Hofbauer has accepted the challenge created by the diverse business environment (Alois Hofbauer, 2016).An efficient entrepreneur accepts challenges in order to create a difference in the society. He has more than 20 years of work experience which has helped Nestle in its growth. Hofbauer efforts have helped Nestle Malaysia to recognize and look for high-potential trade. It is due to his exemplary contribution Nestle has outperformed in recent years. He embraces the excitement and challenges that has encouraged him to work-hard. He identifies that a content and well-formed team members help a company to achieve a regular growth. He persuades competitive spirit in his team-mates. He believes in growing together instead of alone. He further believes that, growth of company is directly related with the employee performance. Every individual employee adds to the growth of company. He sets an example for the aspiring entrepreneurs who want to create a difference in the society. Mr. Hofbauer exhibits ambition in his work style (Johnston, 2014). He understands the contribution of a company has increased in the recent years that have contributed in companys expansion. Shareholder value concept has increased in recent years. An efficient entrepreneur Measures skills and behaviors linked with the ability to make effective and efficient business decisions under the difficult situations. Mr. Hofbauer possesses a strong business and leadership skills as a CEO that has helped the company to expand its function in Asia. Moreover he severely understands consumer behavior that has helped him to add value to Nestle under variable circumstances. Hofbauer has organized many initiatives which have raised the credibility of Nestle in Malaysia. His personal knowledge and exuberance has led to advancement in Malaysia. Mr. Hofbauer is a confident leader who has helped Nestl Malaysia to earn recognition as Malaysias 100 Leading Graduate Employers for two successive years. He has set directions for the employees by providing quality support to his team. Employees look to him during times of insecurity and unfamiliarity. His expertise has reassured and secured employees interest. He portrays a positive attitude toward work which has filled employees with courage. As a responsible corporate citizen, Nestl Malaysia only manufactures those goods which are certified by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) and the other relevant Islamic authorities. There is a hike in profit by 7.3% from the previous year which shows an utmost dedication of Hofbauer. An entrepreneur has a duty to do well by creating value for the company. This is one of the most efficient features a company should adopt in order to sustain at difficult times. Mr. Hofbauer believes in creating shared value that helps a company to exist even after extreme competetion Nestle has shown better results than the previous year with an improved promotional activities and high cost of sales. (Power Talks: February Edition Alois Hofbauer, 2016). He has consistently focused on motivating the members of a team to accomplish business goals. Innovation and transformation is one of the most vital essences to compete against various competitors. An entrepreneur understands the v alue of invention for the benefit of the organization. This is one of the skills necessary to make a difference in the society. An effective entrepreneur has a responsibility towards the society. Nestle Malaysia is focused on adding nourishment, healthiness and Wellness in general public. He has materialized his vision towards promoting Corporate Governance through continuous innovation. It further revamps accessible crop to guarantee good health for every individual. It has a plan to add further value to the health by cooperating with Malaysian government. It is due to his efforts that the company is setting an example for the other competitors. Price rise is the last resort for Nestle. Effective business strategies help an entrepreneur to attain business goals. An entrepreneur believes in continuous Innovation that ensures regular growth. It is knows as a pillar in Nestls growth strategy. His vision has helped in realization of short and long term goals. His optimistic nature and a well-prepared framework of strong functions has helped in accomplishment of goals (Nestl in Society, 2013; Jaya, 2016). References Alois Hofbauer,(2016 ).(Online). Available at: https://www.nestle.com.my/aboutus/nestle_in_malaysia/board_of_directors/boardofdirectors_07 (Accessed on 8/11/16) Ang,J.(2015). Suite Talk: Alois Hofbauer, Nestl (Malaysia).(Online). Available at: https://www.humanresourcesonline.net/suite-talk-alois-hofbauer-nestle-malaysia-berhad/ (Accessed on 8/11/16) Johnston,I.(2014).An Interview with Alois Hofbauer. (Online). Available at: https://www.expatriatelifestyle.com/arrivals/article/TalentCorp-Malaysia/An-Interview-with-Alois-Hofbauer-Nestle (Accessed on 8/11/16) Nestl in Society,(2013). (Online). Available at: https://www.nestle.com.my/asset-library/documents/pdf/about%20us/nestle_nestleinsocietyreport_2013.pdf (Accessed on 8/11/16) Power Talks: February Edition Alois Hofbauer,(2016). (Online). Available at: https://www.thestartv.com/episode/power-talks-business-series-february-2016-edition/?program=power-talkseason=feb-2016 (Accessed on 8/11/16) Profile of Managing Director,(2016). (Online). Available at: https://www.nestle.com.my/aboutus/nestle_in_malaysia/mds_profile (Accessed on 8/11/16) Jaya,P.(2016).(Online). Available at: https://www.nestle.com.my/media/pressreleases/AllPressReleases/nestle-malaysia-continues-strong-growth-momentum-in-first-half-of-2016 (Accessed on 8/11/16)

English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essay Example

English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot Essay Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication. (Wick). To have language is to have power. This idea of language relating to power is so prevalent in our literature that one rarely identifies it as the major theme, however, it is. Power is language and language is power. In the play Waiting for Gadget by Samuel Becket and in the novel The Blazing World by Margaret Cavendish we see just how much language has control over literature. Both of these works of art have the underlining theme of language controlling the power. This paper will demonstrate how the characters that articulate their language elegantly display the most power. Estrogen and Vladimir in Waiting for Gadget demonstrate their penitence on Gadget and lack of power, which is shown in their language, while the Empress in Blazing Worlds holds all the power through her language. Waiting for Gadget is based on the power of language. Language is something that is rarely associated with power, but in all literature power is exposed through words. We will write a custom essay sample on English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on English Final on connecting Waiting for Gadot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In The Blazing Worlds language connects directly to power Empress had an excellent gift of preaching, and instructing them in articles of faith; and by that means, she converted them not only soon, but gained an extraordinary love of all her subjects throughout the world. (Cavendish 163). This line demonstrates that the Empresses way of expressing her language captivates the people and gives her the power to bring her own religion to the world and have all the people worship it and love her. However, Waiting for Gadget does something interesting with its language relating to power. The dialogue between the characters has no real meaning; its the stage direction that tells the readers what truly is going on. Estrogen: Well, shall we go? Vladimir: Yes, lets go They do not move. (Becket 59 Act l) The power in this story is displayed through actions rather than words. The fact that the characters do not act on their words shows that their language is meaningless, which displays they hold no power. In the play Henry V, Henry uses his power of language to manipulate his troops into believing that they are able to win the war. His speech further articulates the point that language is equivalent to power. He made his men believe that they had the power to conquer the war through his character of Jack in the Unfortunate Traveler. Jack uses his language to manipulate the bar tender to provide the troops with free alcohol. Although this power is not sharable to the power that Henry V holds, this demonstrates Just how convincing language is. This simple mission proves that articulating language in a certain way can make one gain power. The Empress in Blazing Worlds expresses her power of language when she banishes the and lice-men whom were the mathematicians, neither truth nor Justice in their profession; and so dissolved their society. (Cavendish 160). Due to the fact that the Empress could not understand their language she dissolved their society. The Empress was threatened by not understanding their language, she knew that language was power; hence she strayed their language to rid their potential power. This extremely different then in Waiting for Gadget, Vladimir and Estrogen do not hold power thats why their language is meaningless. They say things and never do it. For instances the talk about hanging themselves. They make an elaborate plan to commit suicide then never do it because they want wait to see what Gadget says. This makes all their conversation hold no meaning, the only thing that they do is wait for Gadget. Vladimir: Lets wait and see what he says. Estrogen: Who? Vladimir: Gadget. Estrogen: Good idea. Becket 13 Act l) Their language about his importance allows Gadget to hold all the power; their language articulates the power to him. Prospers in Shakespearean Tempest has control over everything similar to Gadget. In the Tempest Ariel is endeavored to Prospers even though she holds the magic and skills that he needs. Remember I have done thee worthy service, Told thee no lies, made thee no mistaking, served without or grudge or grumbling. Thou did promise to bate me a full year. (Tempest 1. 2. 247-250). Ariel is the one that holds to ability to ruin ships and control fate, over she is sired to Prospers, similar to Estrogen and Vladimir relationship with Gadget. They have the ability to leave whenever they want; however they stay. The language that is used when Prospers and Ariel speak to each other shows the power Prospers holds over her. To the contrary, in Waiting for Gadget the way in which Vladimir and Estrogen speak to each other about Gadget shows the power Gadget has over them. Vladimir: Wait for Gadget. Things have changed here since yesterday. Estrogen: And if he doesnt come? Vladimir: Well see when that time comes. (Pause) I was saying that things have changed here since yesterday. (Becket 66 Act l) This conversation shows that the idea of Gadget has all the power over them, they have been waiting in the same place for two days, with no idea when this character will appear. In other texts we see that language giving power in a completely different way. We see this in the texts Jack of Newbury and Masters of F. J. In Masters of FAX the audience sees that the narrator GET holds the power because he has all of the letters, which contain all the language. While in Jack of Newbury Jack shows how the language of class and business holds different power. Although this is very different from how till accurately demonstrates that power that language holds. Additionally we see this in Pygmalion. The flower girls language correlates to her social status or power. IOW see this creature wit her curbstone English: the English will keep her in the gutter to the end of her days. (Shaw Act 1; pi). This demonstrates how much power lies in language. Evidence of language articulating power is another difference in the Blazing Worlds and in Waiting for Gadget. In Blazing Worlds the Empress clearly expressed the power she has, while in Waiting for Gadget although it is clear that Gadget holds the power he never appears in the text. This is due to the fact that Blazing Worlds is a novel while Waiting for Gadget is a play. These two works relate to the audiences in very different ways. The audience of The Blazing World, a novel, is most commonly an individual reader whereas Waiting for Gadget , a drama, is preformed on a stage for a larger audience Reading a novel versus watching a play effects the audiences ways of seeing. This is something that John Berger questions throughout his text. His novel is based on the fact that seeing comes before words, however, once someone sees something they put what they see into words, and thats where the power is formed. A reader gets a completely different feel from a play versus a novel. Cavendish novel was a means for her to articulate her language in order to gain power. The use of the pronoun l occurred in the novel in reference to the author herself. The Empress insinuated that anyone is capable of creating a world of their own in which they hold the power, Cavendish stated this in her To the Reader section of the book, Although I have neither power time nor occasion to conquer the world have made a world of my own: for which no body, I hope, will blame me, since it is in every ones power to do the like (Cavendish 124). Cavendish uses this novel to show how much language articulates power. Unlike The Blazing World, a play in which the stage directions articulates power. The character that voiced power in this play was not even presented in the novel. This is very unique because it is not the persons direct language that articulated the power; it was the language and the actions of the other characters that articulated the power for Gadget. That is why dramatic texts are written in different formats. If this book were written as a novel, such as Blazing Worlds it would have has a total different effect. The audience needed to see how meaningless their language was. At the end of each act they said they were leaving verbally but did not move. This was something that the audience got to see and then felt how much power Gadget had over them. Estrogen: Well, shall we go? They do not move. (Becket 109 Act II) This line shows the main difference between a novel and a dramatic text. Reading a text can provoke an individual to view the language of who holds the power differently than being a member of a large audience in a theater. In conclusion language-articulating power differs significantly in The Blazing World and Waiting for Gadget. Waiting for Gadget established a world in which a character that never spoke held all the power due to how the two characters spoke of him; there language about him gave him the power. The Blazing World demonstrated a world in which she was language she made the people love her. Dramatic texts and novels can be understood differently based on the way it is preformed; explicitly regarding whom holds the power. Unlike Becket, Cavendish included her personal opinions and feelings to influence the reader alone. These factors play a vital role in the way the power of language is represented.

Winter Gala Ideas for Teachers Essays

Winter Gala Ideas for Teachers Essays Winter Gala Ideas for Teachers Essay Winter Gala Ideas for Teachers Essay The Winter Gala is a winter performance in our center that invites current families to attend an event at our center. The children will perform a collection of songs, poems, finger plays, or other material from the curriculum. What are the Goals and Objectives of this event? Historically we see a dip In enrollment In January as a result of families not returning to the center after the winter holiday. The goal of the Winter Gala is to keep families engaged with the center during the winter holidays when vacation and time way from the center can cause families to feel disconnected. When/ Where will the event be held? Performances will be held Wednesday, January 13, 2010 at 6 pm. Performances will be held In our lobby on our stage! Who will be performing? The following classrooms will be performing: o Preschool o Pre-Kindergarten o Kindergarten o School-Age Winter Gala-Performance Activity Suggestions Performance Suggestions Classroom Songs: consider selecting age-appropriate songs from the Winter songs Fingernails book from the Winter curriculum such as: o Five Little Snowman Fat If Its Winter o Mitten Song o Winter Song For School-Age children consider non-religious holidays: o Frosty the Snowman o Jingle-Bells o Winter Wonderland Post-Event Activities we recommend noosing a Tee actively rater ten event to encourage Tamales to socialize with staff members and other families. Suggested activities include: o Family Photo Ops 0 Families can take photos with their child after the performance. O Cookie Decorating 0 Families can decorate cookies together in their respective classrooms after the performance.

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Critique - Essay Example I failed to decipher any weakness in the abstract. The author failed to stipulate where the introduction begins. The transition from abstract to the introduction part does not have a clear flow of information. However, the author tries to bring out the real scope of the problem in the introduction. The main aim of positive thinking is to catalyze a transformation in the apprehensions of psychology from obsession with mending the worst aspects in life to a fresh prominence on optimal working of people, collections, and organizations. Thus far, the author has provided little investigation on assimilating the affirmative psychology methodology into schools. The author chose to use Constructivist grounded model case analysis as the in methodology of the research. The author provided a theoretical framework, research background and contributors, course content as well as delivery medium. These factors are usually instrumental in any methodology part of a project. Approaches of data collection, participant observations, field notes, artifacts were also outlined in the research. The data analysis procedure of this research centered on the qualitative records and utilized grounded model data analytic approaches to respond to the research problem. Since the course of classroom teaching was ï ¬ lled with fragmentary dynamic singularities, data was scrutinized and amassed with initial coding all through this study. The determination of this research was to delve totally into the mechanisms of affective edification implementation, and numerous components arose from the data exploration. However, this research provides an in depth exploration as stated above. The author goes ahead to give the reader all the findings that they seek to find. The author finds that, to break the innate social typecasts is expected to be the long-standing undertaking of affective education. This information is probably the best finding that the author has unearthed. This statement is

Writing assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Writing - Assignment Example ehaviour of the customers increased that proved extremely effective for the operating industries such as agriculture, consumer products, mining, automobiles, luxury goods, telecommunications etc. Thus, from the above figure, it might clearly depicted that the growth of GP per capita proved extremely effective for the country of China that amplified its brand image and reputation in the globe among other developing countries (Trading Economics, 2014). In terms of education, the gross enrolment ratio (GER) for China is quite high, whereas the rate of unemployment is quite low as compared to other developing and developed countries, both are presented below: The rate of inequality reduced significantly within the economy of China due to improvement in the gross domestic products and gross per capita income of the citizens. However, due to certain factors such as urban-biased polices, inland-coastal inequality, education and demographic changes, the rate of inequality enhanced significantly. In the economy of China, the rate of developed in urban areas is extremely high as compared to rural areas. As a result, the income distribution of the citizens in urban areas is also extremely high that resulted in inequality (Trading Economics, 2014). Similarly, scope of education is extremely low for the aging population that is also responsible for increasing the rate of inequality in China. The country of China is a socialist economy but not authoritarian in nature. The party that rules China in recent times is named as ‘The Peoples Republic of China’ that enhanced the economic prosperity of the nation (Britannica, 2014). Not only this, the People’s Republic of China improved the development of the nation by amplifying the per capita income of the citizens that amplified their living standard and life style (Indexmundi, 2014). China is recognised as one of the popular developing countries in the world. This is mainly due to its rapidly expanding GDP rate and GDP per

Analyze report grading rubric Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze report grading rubric - Assignment Example Training is important because it helps equip the learners with the correct skills, attitudes and orientations towards work, helping them feel satisfied with their work (Price, 2000). The training is being performed in order to equip the supermarket personnel with the necessary skills of handling supermarket operations which include: customer service skills, inventory skills, managing skills and reporting skills. When the supermarket staff is recruited, they come from different fields which necessitate training in order for them to understand the operations of the supermarket. The problem comes as a result of deficiencies that result from their different training backgrounds. None of these people are trained in supermarket operation except for the top management that have specialized roles. The other people are sourced from around the community and thus may lack essential skills that are necessary in performing the tasks in the supermarket. The content of the training program is divided into four: customer service, inventory handling, managing and reporting. All the staff must go through the four topics exhaustively in order to be termed ready for placement within the supermarket chains. In the content, the staff learns practical and analytical skills which they are expected to use at the supermarket. The content will be delivered by way of direct instructions. In other instances depending on the nature of the topic, the content delivery mode will be experiential. This is true for customer service training as the people need to know how to handle the prospective customers. The program will take 6 months to be considered complete. Within the six months, one month will be assigned for assessment. The training will be conducted to young people between the ages of 20 to 30. This group is specifically considered by the management as appropriate to engage in the operations of the company. The group to be trained has

Reasons of degradation of mangrove forests

Reasons of degradation of mangrove forests Reasons of degradation of Mangrove forests in Pakistan and its Management. Abstract: Over 600,000 hectares of Pakistans coastline is under mangrove forestation. Coastal mangrove ecosystems in Pakistan have been seriously degraded over the last 50 years as a result of freshwater diversion for agriculture, industrial and urban water pollution, over-fishing in Indus delta andoverharvesting of mangroves by the local communities, sedimentation, and coastal erosion.The Indus delta of Pakistan constitutes the most extensive mangrove forestsapproximately 129,000 ha along the coast. The data for this paper was collected from different reports and from WWF Pakistan. The paper focuses on thereasons of ecological damage ofmangroves in Pakistan and their management through sustainable use of mangrove resources, their protection and conservation.There is also a need for the creation of awareness and education among planners and coastal communities regarding the sustainable management of mangrove forests. The objectives of this paper are: Determination of causes of degradation of the mangrove forests and quantification of the areas destroyed by various factors specially. Decreasing freshwater and silt flows from Indus river. Browsing by camels Industrial and marine pollution. Management of mangrove forests by restoration and with training and awareness among people of that area. Introduction: Mangroves are the marine tidal forests that include trees, shrubs, palms, epiphytes and ferns (Tomlinson, 1986). The plants and animals community associated with mangroves is referred to as the ‘mangal (Macnae, 1968). Mangrove ecosystems have diversity of plants and animals with heterogeneous habitats and adapted to the environmental conditions of highly saline, soft bottomed anaerobic loose mud and silt (Clough, 1992).Amjad and Khan (1983) mentioned the estimated area of mangrove cover in Pakistan is about 283,000 ha consisting of 281,000 ha in Sindh and 2000 ha in Balochistan.It is one of the most productive ecosystems and a natural, renewable resource. Over the last decade, concern has grown over the ways in which human activities have altered the mangrove ecosystems of Pakistan. The rate of degradation of mangrove forests in the Indus Delta has been estimated at 6 percent between 1980 and 1995. At present, only 15 percent of mangroves here are considered healthy (Thompson a nd Tirmizi, 1995). Freshwater scarcity due to upstream diversions of river flows for agriculture,industrial water pollution and algal bloom, overgrazing, browsing by camels, lopping by villagers along the coasts,erosion caused by tidal current, cutting for fuel wood and timber, and unsustainable fishing levels are seen as the main factors associated with biodiversity loss in the mangrove forests on the coasts of Sindh and Baluchistan (IUCN Pakistan, 2005).The Indus delta is not only one of the longest deltas in the world; it is also the largest area of arid climate mangroves in the world. The natural resources it contains are of significant economic importance to Pakistan, and the time is now to conserve what is left whilst it is still in a viable condition, rather than wait until it is too late. It does this by developing zones where various activities can take place, by regulating the levels of these activities to sustainable limits and by encouraging in the participation of local people. The commitment of the main land-owning agencies in the Indus delta is required to make the concept of the Indus delta Biosphere secures a reality (Macintosh and Ashton, 2002). The management of the different resources of the mangrove ecosystem is handled by different agencies of the government, both at central and provincial levels. Forestry, fisheries and land administration agencies, for example, have specific jurisdiction over specific resources in the area of mangrove (IUCN Pakistan, 2005). It is believed that local people living in the coastal areas have been able to manage mangrove forests for their communities (Qureshi, 1984). A current working plan titled â€Å"Working Plan of Mangrove Forests for a 20 year period from 1985-2005 has been prepared with the objectives to protect the coastline from erosion, and to meet the demands of local communities provide them sustained quantities of forest products (Qureshi, 1985). Afforestation and reforestation activities are b eing undertaken on a small and large scale by IUCN in collaboration with Sindh Forest Department. The International Society for Mangroves Ecosystem (ISME) with its headquarters in Okinawa, Japan is encouraging mangrove studies and plantations along the coast of Pakistan (IUCN Pakistan, 2005). There are also many government and non-government organizations under different projects working for the management of mangrove forests in Pakistan these include the WWF, Pakistan, Sindh Forest Department, World Bank, UNDP and UNESCO. Literature review Historical records indicate that the original extent of mangrove forests has declined considerably under pressure from human activity. National proportions of original mangrove cover lost vary from 4 to 84%. For example, in Southeast Asia Malaysia lost 12% from 1980 to 1990 (Ong, 1995); the Philippines originally had 4,300 km2 but now has 1,200 km2 (Primavera, 2000); Thailand had 5,500 km2 in 1961 but 2,470 km2 in 1986 (Aksornkoae, 1993); and Vietnam 4,000 km2 originally to 2,525 km2 today (Spalding et al., 1997). Mangroves have often been considered as unproductive land and their destruction and degradation have been due to the preference for short-term exploitation for immediate economic benefit like shrim farming, rather than long-term sustainable exploitation (Saenger et al., 1983). Underestimation of the total economic value of mangroves and of the impacts of human activities are major factors contributing to the widespread loss and degradation of mangrove ecosystems (Gilbert an d Janssen, 1998). Ong (1995) considers that burgeoning populations are possibly the biggest cause of mangrove destruction and degradation because they rely heavily on marine habitats and resources for food, building materials, building sites and agricultural and recreational areas. They also use coastal areas as a dumping ground for sewage, garbage and toxic wastes. Pollution and poor land use practices within these watershed areas affect downstream marine habitats because sediments and pollutants are ultimately washed into coastal waters. Mangroves have been over exploited or converted to various other forms of land use, for example agriculture, aquaculture, salt ponds, terrestrial forestry, urban and industrial development and construction of dikes and roads (Macintosh, 1996). Global warming could be a significant threat to mangrove cover and biodiversity. Rising water (as a result of melting ice caps) could drown coastal mangrove. Projected climate change could have other effects, such as changes in ocean currents, salinity and surface temperatures. These would alter the species compositions and perhaps trigger local and global extinctionÊ ¹s (McCarthy et al.,2001). Over cutting is another major factor as Mangrove wood (especially Rhizophora spp.) is good for charcoal production because it is heavy, dense, hard and with a high calorific value (Aksornkoae, 1993). The residents of Keti bunder reported that before the construction of Sukkur barrage, the river water used to flow 9 months in the year. After its construction, this was reduced to 7 months due to decreasing flood water, the mangroves forests are being adversely affected,due mainly to salinity resulting from lack of freshwater inflows (IUCN,2005). The damage on account of browsing by camels is serious and extensive. During flood season in the River Indus, the camels from the interior of Sindh migrate to mangrove forests in herd (IUCN, 2005). Increasing populations put pressure on the production for food. Mangroves are often converted for salt production, agriculture and aquaculture. Large tracts of coastal mangrove in Asia have been converted to rice farming (FAO, 1982). The creeks represent an important resource for recreation, water sports and ecotourism for Karachi, which has relatively few such amenities nearby. Such development will change the relationship of the local people with the mangroves and will add additional stresses to the environment unless the developments are planned sensitively preservation of the area for viewing wildlife, such as migrating water fowl, dolphins and mangrove jackals is being considered, and the idea of a mangrove national park (IUCN, 2005). Off-site activities, unrelated to the mangrove ecosystem but detrimental to it, for example oil pollution, diversion of upstream freshwater resources for irrigation and offshore dredging also have detrimental effects on the mangrove ecosystem. Indirect effects of agriculture on mangroves can be seen through diversion of freshwater by agricultural schemes and run-off of agricultural residues. For example, the interception of freshwater for agriculture has severely affected the mangroves in the Indus delta of Pakistan (Hogarth, 2001). Storm damage, coastal erosion, naturally shifting hydrology, climate change and sea level rise. Karachi, which is on the northern edge of the mangrove forests of the Indus Delta, has rapidly grown in population and level of industrial activity. This has increased the pollution load on the mangroves. Along the Korangi creek a number of villages are rapidly growing and their waste is adding to the pollution problem (IUCN, 2005). Governance and institutional failure to effectively manage coastal mangrove resources. Poor planning of coastal land use and implementation of development plans Issues related to enforcement, realistic design of implementation of laws e.g. Zonation. Lack of involvement of communities in decision making (management, development of legislation, enforcement). Lack of understanding and awareness of the value of mangrove ecosystems among various groups of people including policy makers, officials, developers and local people. Compatibility issues. Timber mafia is a major threat to mangroves involved in illegal trading of fuel wood. Conflicts are common between the various departments involved. Weak coordination between different levels and different sectors of government Availability of infrastructure, manpower and equipment are inadequate for effective control over the utilization of mangrove resources (IUCN, 2005). Reserves have been established for the preservation of mangroves ecosystems or to enhance the survival of particular species within these ecosystems in atleast thirty-six countries in the world, (Vannucci, 1996). At the International Level, the common approach to major environmental policy issues has been to formulate conventions, treaties and agreements, which all concerned countries become signatories to. Mangroves are today a global issue because more than 100 countries worldwide have mangrove resources (Spalding et al., 1997). Methods for international and regional management of mangroves include Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Bio-regional management, Transboundary Protected Areas (TPA) and Biosphere Reserves (BR). The use of protected areas for conservation management has many advantages for mangroves and other coastal ecosystems (Spalding et al.,1997). The number of Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) for mangroves is now growing around the world. In 1988 there were only 59 s uch areas, mainly concentrated in Europe and North America: by 1997 this figure had grown to 136, distributed through all regions of the world (World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 1998). Several factors have influenced this growth, including greater support from donors and international assistance for the establishment of TBPAs to enhance biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource use at an ecosystem scale. International cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region has been particularly effective with many countries sharing knowledge from many years experience of mangrove planting for reforestation purposes. International NGOs are the leading agencies in mangrove rehabilitation for example the Danish Red Cross (DRC, 1994) and the UK Save the Children Fund started mangrove planting (Macintosh et al., 1998). At the national level governments should be encouraged to ratify international and bioregional conventions and agreements, and to bring them into law so that they are a lso legally adopted at national level. The expansion of markets has driven exploitation of natural resources to extremes in some places, where levels of investment create imbalance between alternative uses for the same resource. In such cases the poor can be made poorer. Sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities are therefore dependent upon effective management of all interrelated activities in coastal areas to achieve sustainable use of both living and non-living resources, and equitable sharing of the benefits arising (Brown, 1997). There are many forms of tourism but ecotourism or nature-based tourism should be promoted because it reduces the negative social and environmental impacts of tourist visits to an area (Clark, 1998). Reforestation in indus delta and the community participation are both very effective tools for management of mangroves in that area. The proper laws and regulations should be implemented to protect the mangroves (IUCN, 2005). Discussion and Conclusion: An examination of the literature on mangroves reveals that there is still a need for further descriptive studies in Pakistan. A common need idenitified is to develop and improve the scientific knowledge base on mangrove ecology and biodiversity. Mangrove ecosystems have demonstrated high value for forestry and fisheries. They are however, under severe and increasing human pressure because a large proportion of tropical coastal populations is mangrove dependent. Mangrove ecosystems are being exploited on the basis of inadequate information and there is a growing trend toward the utilization of mangrove areas for various and often conflicting purposes.   There is an urgent need to improve and facilitate communication among mangrove scientists themselves and between them and policy makers, planners and mangrove managers. Capacity building should also include assisting stakeholders (local communities and community based organizations, government agencies and departments, university. de partments, research institutions, private companies, national and international NGOs) to increase their capability to participate in mangrove management. For example by providing boats, or boat repair facilities to fishermen and enforcement officers, or by providing equipment to monitor water pollution. People living in an around mangroves should be made aware of the importance of the mangrove ecosystems as a whole. Attempts should be made to make village people understand the environmental and social impacts of large scale exploitation operations on their land; eg. Mangrove fellings for industrialization and urbanization. Moreover active involvement of the community, local government and private industry should be enlisted and harnessed to protect, rehabilitate and conserve mangrove areas. This necessitates a more vigorous extension and information campaign and the participation of the various sectors in planning and implementing of conservation and development program for the mangrove. The coastal areas of the country lack basic amenities such as drinking water, fuel sources, and road infrastructure. Over time, the coastal population has grown as a result of increased returns from fishing, despite the poor physical infrastructure. Consequently, the demand for fresh water for house hold consumption has increased several fold. Local authorities have not assessed the household demand for water, causing the meager water supplies from seasonal rivers on the Baluchistan Coast, in particular, to be under pressure due to population growth. pollution of the marine environment is another proximate cause of biodiversity loss in the coastal areas of Pakistan. Three areas in the coastal region of the Indus Delta are significantly polluted: Keti Bunder (to the south near Sir Creek), the metropolitan center (Karachi, Port Qasim, and Rehri), and the coastline in the west (extending from Sonmiani to Jiwani). The loss of mangrove species during the last 50 years, besides being consistent with the reduced supply of fresh water to the Delta, is also consistent with the increased volume of untreated wastewater discharges from industries and the city of Karachi and its vicinity. In addition, land clearance for the construction of new sea ports, extension of existing sea ports, and establishment of industrial units near the coast has also contributed to the depletion of mangrove cover, particularly in the northern part of the Delta. Lack of alternate fuelwood aggravated the problem. Alternatives, such as kerosene oil or natural gas, are either not available or too expensive for the local communities and ultimately they fulfill their needs by cutting trees. Responsibility for protecting mangrove forests has lain with the Forest Department since the late 1950s, but only very recently has this department shown any interest in conservation of these forests. A mere expansion of responsibilities, without the requisite resources, will not help the Forest Department implement the existing laws. For example, one forest guard alone is given an area of 20,000 to 25,000 acres of mangroves to monitor. At the national level, weak environmental groups coupled with a general lack of political will to control deforestation allow weak implementation of laws to continue. These environmental groups receive inadequate support from international bodies and NGOs, while the absence of strong conditionalities related to environmental protection in larger economic and financial agreements does not promote political will on the part of the government to control deforestation. The conclusion is that the loss of mangrove species over the last 50 years is highly consistent with the reduction of fresh water and silt supplies to the Indus Delta. There is a need to create awarness among people the local government should stricly implement laws to conserve the mangroves forests.

Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus Essay exam

Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus Christopher Marlowe's tragedy of Dr. Faustus envelops a realm of theological issues around one man's quest for knowledge. Feeling a university education to be inadequate for his purposes, Faustus makes the ultimate sacrifice possible to quench his thirst for otherworldly wisdom. Yet even though he gains amazing powers and a broad reputation as a man in the know, his quest is incomplete. He actually learns very little. The nature of knowledge involves both the ability to recall facts, dates, events etc. and also the power to assimilate this new information and assign it the appropriate value. When Faustus signs away his soul to Lucifer to gain the service of Mephastophilis, he really gains no knowledge of himself. It could be argued that Mephastophilis provides books and takes Faustus to far off lands which in a way enriches the doctor's facilities. Yet through their companionship, Faustus comes to rely entirely on Mephastophilis to impress or poke fun at the esteemed men he meets. To be sure, Faustus gains wide...

Morality and Obligation Essay

1. Two preliminary steps taken, that may be necessary, before one can intuitively appreciate the rightness of an action are thinking fully about the consequences of an action. In other words, think before you act. Also give thought (consideration) to the persons involved in said action or your relation(ship) with the persons involved. 2. An action is considered morally good in addition to being right when it is the right thing to do, while also stemming from a good place. When the person or â€Å"agent† performs said act because it is right, from a feeling of obligation, a morally good act is also right. 3. According to Prichard, an action done from a sense of obligation, there is no purpose â€Å"consisting either in the action itself or in anything which it will produce†. A motive, being something that moves one to act, can be the sense of obligation, an action done from a sense of obligation can indeed have a motive. 4. Avirtuous act is done from a desire that is intrinsically good. A moral act may be done from obligation. There can’t be an obligation to act virtuously, because we can only â€Å"feel an obligation to act† or do something. We cannot, however, feel an obligation to act from a certain desire 5. It is a mistake to expect moral philosophy to prove through argumentation that we ought to fulfill our obligations, because moral rightness â€Å"cannot be demonstrated, only apprehended directly by an act of moral thinking†. The sense of obligation is a result of a moral thought or thoughts. Moral philosophy can provide reflection on the â€Å"immediacy of our knowledge of moral rightness† and the intuitive recognition of the goodness of the virtues.

Treaty of Ghent essays

Treaty of Ghent essays The treaty of Ghent put on end to the war of 1812.The war was over conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. They fought over the maritime rights of neutrals and it ended inconclusively. The treaty was a long going process that finally was completed on Christmas Eve. There were many agrees and disagrees that were put forth to make peace. There were a total of 11 articles that made up the treaty. The treaty is one of the most remembered treaties in all of history. It changed the world with a big impact. The Treaty Of Ghent that was signed in December 1814 that ended a war, which by now both sides was silently admitting, should never have started. The treaty though proved to be a great act of statesmanship. After the signing Adams remarked to one of the English delegates "I hope this will be the last treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States" And it was. The very fact that both sides withdrew to their prewar positions, that neither could describe the war as a success or a defeat, and that the terms could not be presented, then or later, as a triumph or a robbery - all worked for permanency and helped to erase from the national memory of both countries a struggle which had been bitter enough at the time. The absence of any recrimination too meant that the treaty could serve as a basis on which to build a friendly, common sense relationship between two English-speaking peoples. The statement that the war of 1812 was born purely out of a "Pointless aggression" is true - to an extent. In the build up to the1812 war Britain seemed to provoke the United States through every means possible exploiting there own position. The United States did try to avoid a war with Britain but they saw how a war could fulfill there own ambitions and so used the war to pursue there own objectives which were increasing the size of the United States whilst reinforcing the economy through trade. The fact was th...

buy custom Electric Light Bulbs Innovation essay

buy custom Electric Light Bulbs Innovation essay Introduction For hundreds of years, people looked for a cheap and easy light source. They wanted to be able to see after the sun set. Before the light bulb, people had to use fireplaces, candles, or gas or oil lamps for light. In the year 1879, Thomas Edison and his helpers were working hard in Edisons workshop. Edison was trying to make a light bulb. Many other people had tried and failed. For instance, some scientists did not think a light bulb was possible. Edison and his workers were trying to find a material that would work in the light bulb. The material had to glow as electricity went through it. It had to burn for a long time. It also had to glow brightly. The men tested several materials. In October, one of Edisons lamps glowed for more than 13 hours which was longer than any other lamp. This marked the birth of the electric light bulb (Nobleman, 2004).This paper discusses the impacts of electric light bulb innovation to the society. Impacts of Electric Light Bulbs Innovation The enormous growth of the electrical industry resulted from the great public demand for various engineering innovations and products. One of the first commercially successful electrical innovations was the electric light bulb, which brings the benefits of electricity to the society and make electricity the dominant form of energy consumption. The success of the light bulbs in reflects in some respects of such other technological inventions as the television. Therefore, it is an outstanding case study of the relationship between industry, physics and society. In the past, most homes and buildings were lit by oil lamps and candles. For example, Abraham Lincoln did his reading using the light from fire. There were almost no street lights in all cities except for the lamps that were hung outside some houses at night. Th innovation of electric light bulb has made greatest difference in lives of people. For instance, it has made the evenings fit for furnishing chores indoors, as well as f or leisure activities or reading. It is almost inevitable that any significant new technology will be predicted to transform society, or at least to embody the potential to transform society, for better or worse. It is often said, especially in the initial stages of adoption of a particular technology, that the technology will generate social change based upon the implicit values, virtues, or vices possessed by technology. This is technological determinism and an electric light bulb is not an exception. Technological determinism implies that new technological innovations set conditions for social change and progress. In such a view, technology is seen as a law unto itself, in the sense that all technological innovations are seen as drivers in the progress of society as well as culture. Putting the electric light bulb into a social context reveals another view of the relationship between technology, society and culture which might be referred to as economic or social determinism. For instance, the light bulb technolog y would be characterized as the passive partner in the culture-technology whereby the social conditions create environments in which these technologies are seen as either necessary by products of social processes. From this perspective, the light bulb has become necessary at certain points of cultural development. So in this case of the light bulb, its technological innovation becomes a symptom of wider social changes (Miller, 2011). Prior to the invention and innovation of the electric light bulbs, the average time of sleep for many people has increased. Early, people depended on the light from the sun which lasts for 12 hours in a day. During this time, travel was very difficult and dangerous, and businesses had to be closed doown at dusk. The innovations of light bulb have made people to extend days as long as they stay awake. The industries continue to carry out their manufacturing activities for extended period in order to meet their set goals and customer demands. The almost universal adoption of electricity in urban areas by residents who have access can be only explained by the high value placed on electric lighting whereby light bulbs technology is crucial. The reason for this qualitative leap in energy services is the relative efficiency of the electric bulbs or lamps. An electric bulb hangs from the ceiling and either fills the room with light or is focused downward for reading or close work. Indeed, p araffin lamp gives off only about a third of the light from some light bulbs. Moreover, the glare that comes from the kerosene lamp makes it unpleasant for it to be used by some people (Barnes, Krutilla Hyde, 2005). Finally, the technological innovations of light bulbs have contributed to environmental conservation through pollution reduction. Centrally to other sources of light, electric light bulbs do not pollute the environment. For example, the smoke from kerosene lamps pollutes the environment which causes serious threats to human life. Also, some people use fire as a source of light. Fire is known to be dangerous to the environment. For instance, wood must be used which may sometimes leads to deforestation. Considering the negative economic effects of environmental pollution, light bulbs stand to be the most economical sources of light. Conclusion Improving the innovations of light bulbs is one key solution to reducing the need other expensive sources of light and reducing environmental pollution. Currently, going green is a major concern for many people. Therefore, light bulb innovations will enhance going green in the society. Buy custom Electric Light Bulbs Innovation essay

Union-Management Relationships in Perspective Essay

Union-Management Relationships in Perspective - Essay Example The main people involved in the labor relationships are management and the union. There are other groups of people who are affected but not to a great extent. Labor relationships in the United States involve the following three assumptions. First, there is a conflict of interest between employees and employers. Employees aim at increasing their personal wealth through higher wages and safer working environments whereas the main of a goal of the management is to increase the returns. This results in a conflict of interest between the two parties. The second assumption that is made is that employees have a right to pursue their employment interests within the parameters of the law in a free society. This is usually not the case since employees usually face some constraints which deter them from fully pursuing their rights. Finally, employees are not required to join a labor union but if the majority of the employee group wants to join a union they should be permitted but in most cases, employees belong to a union. The performance of the economy affects the bargaining item. The focus when the economy is doing well will be different from when the economy is downsizing. International forces also influence bargaining in one way or another since no single economy operates in isolation. In the past few years, union membership has decreased. There have been various labor organizations, the earliest ones dating to early 1900. Prior to World War I there were three major national labor organizations. They were the Knights of Labor (KOL), the American Federation of Labor and the Industrial Workers of the World. The KOL opposed spreading of technology in a bid to protect its members from being replaced by machines. The American Federation of Labor major goal was to improve the material conditions of its members through the existing capitalistic system.

Communication theory 3-4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication theory 3-4 - Essay Example Through the times, the focus has expanded to construct meanings of the world within which one lives. Thus, rhetoric not only promotes wider understanding of issues and events around oneself but they also serve dual purpose of giving ideas to people and people to ideas for widening the scope of understanding. Rhetoric involves rhetor who uses symbols for communicating with public under different situations and constraints. It has developed over the time to encompass different elements of human interaction and provide one with distinct symbolic construction of ideas. Classical, medieval, renaissance, contemporary and post-modern are important historical period that have witnessed evolution of rhetoric to its present form. Classical era from 5th to 1st BC was started by sophists who defined and codified art of rhetoric. It was later compiled by Aristotle and further refined by Romans and Greeks. Medieval rhetoric was mostly recognized as pagan art of persuasion that went against the Chr istian doctrine. Augustine revitalized rhetoric to be used by preachers which made it easy for them to teach. During Renaissance period (1300-1600 AD), rhetoric was seen as important way of constructing meaningful language and through it to understand the world. Language as a medium was recognized as critical vehicle of rhetoric and showed the powers of the words and symbols. In the age of Enlightenment, rhetoric was used for rationalization. Great thinkers like Descartes, Francis Bacon etc. used it investigate the working of mind and role of imagination in perceiving things and events. Thus, knowledge was differentiated from the language which had just become a tool to disseminate information about the truth and provided language with distinct style of communication. It was used in letter writing and different formats of literature like poem etc. This also limited the role of rhetoric and provided it with negative connotations. During contemporary and post-modern period, rhetoric b ecame vital link of communicating in public. It was an art that provided orator with myriad symbols to emphasize dialogues and effectively communicate ideas. It was also reassessed and used to understand the world at large and helped provide different perspectives for critical thinking. The post-modern rhetoric was significant in understanding the experiences of life through the broader understanding of race, gender, culture, class and sexuality. Queer theory is interesting because it helps to understand the nuances of public speakers that make public speech more complex that require deeper knowledge to decipher the meanings of words. The alternative rhetoric based on race and culture identity like AfroAmerican, Asiacentric, Aborginals etc. are important post-modern uses of rhetoric that expand its scope and emphasize role of symbols in communication. Communication theory of identity Communication theory of identity explores personal identity with reference to one’s surroundi ng. Specific identity within the broader societal framework is one of the most important aspecst of human race that facilitates its interaction and promotes relationship building. The social identity provides individual with a distinct characteristic that helps to establish social status, thus representing him/her physically in the world. Moreover, it also contributes to a knowledge base that others can instantly access to have a general idea about